Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Cystatin C for Early Detection of Kidney Damage in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Iqra Sajid; Rabia Saeed; Arfa Goheer; Sameen Asghar; Sara Saqib; Fareeha Bashir

doi:10.37185/LnS.1.1.559

Iqra Sajid Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College, Lodhran, Pakistan
Rabia Saeed CMH Institute of Medical Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Arfa Goheer Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College, Lodhran, Pakistan
Sameen Asghar Quaid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Sara Saqib Quaid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Fareeha Bashir Quaid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.559

Keywords: Creatinine, kidney diseases, Serum Cystatin, Sensitivity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serum Cystatin C for early detection of kidney damage
taking albumin Creatinine Ratio as a reference standard among people of Bahawalpur having diabetes mellitus
type 2.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The Study was conducted at the Department of Pathology in collaboration with
th th Kidney Center, Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 27 August 2021 to 26 February
2022.
Methods: There was a total of 200 patients having diabetes mellitus type 2 with GFR between 60-90ml/min
with an age range from 40-60 years were selected. Study participants with a history of steroid intake,
hypothyroidism, chronic liver disease, AIDS, and hypertension were not included in the study. For assessment
of diagnostic accuracy of Cystatin C to evaluate the renal damages in early stages, microalbuminuria was
evaluated. As per the guidelines provided by the respective manufacturers, individuals exhibiting two albumin
creatinine ratio (ACR) levels exceeding 30 mg/g were classified as having diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Results: The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic
accuracy of serum Cystatin C for the early detection of kidney damage, with albumin-to-creatinine ratio used as
the reference standard among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, were 90.98%, 78.21%, 86.72%,
84.72%, and 86.0%, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this investigation indicate that serum cystatin C (CysC) exhibits a considerable level
of diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of kidney damage among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus,
utilizing the albumin-to-creatinine ratio as a reference standard.

How to cite this: Sajid I, Saeed R, Goheer A, Asghar S, Saqib S, Bashir F. Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Cystatin C for Early Detection of Kidney Damage in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Life and Science. 2024; 5(1): 41-47. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.559